题型有：1.
Ever since Stephanie’s 13th birthday we have been receiving comments from other adults expressing their sympathies because our daughter is now a teenage. We’ve heard everything from, “Sure she’ s a good kid, but just wait, now that she’ s a teenager “ to the ever inspiring, “well, all kids are rotten when they are teenagers, just try to go through it the best way you can. “ What’ s more upsetting is that many of these insensitive adults feel the need to share their negative predictions well within the hearing of both our daughters. I know that teenagers can be moody and difficult at times, but I’ m 32 and I can also be difficult and moody. We worry about the future and want today’ s kids to know that we care for them and that there are opportunities that await them. However, at the very point they set out on that journey toward adulthood we stand there watching them disapprovingly, just waiting for them to make a mistake, “just like we knew they would. “ We tell them to respect themselves and to say no to drugs, yet we fail to set a positive example by treating them with kindness and consideration, demonstrating our respect for them. I have, at times, been guilty of this behavior but am now realizing that the more I see each person as a person, the more I am pleasantly surprised in some way or another. For example, a few weeks ago my husband and I were having dinner at our favorite restaurant and two teenage boys came in and sat down right beside us. I must admit that my first thought was, “Perfect, there goes our quiet, peaceful dinner. “ I was so wrong! These young men were well behaved, quiet, and left a nice tip for the waitress. Once I looked beyond the jeans so loose they were practically falling off and the multi-colored hair, I saw what fine people these kids were. Many of the people who, perhaps unknowingly, treat teens with disrespect are unhappy about the fact that pop singers and sports stars are our children’ s heroes. I feel that unless we give them something better to go after, we really shouldn’t complain.
1． When their children reach their teens, parents usually expect______.
A．trouble
B．sympathy
C．congratulations
D．inspiring comments
正确答案：A
解析：第一段中讲到作者的女儿要13岁了，人们的反应是表示同情，并认为青少年是“rot—ten”，糟透了。这些都表现出青少年的家长会遇到麻烦。故选A。
2． In the author’ s opinion, the trouble with parents is______.
A．they are too watchful of their teenage children
B．they are too concerned about their children’ s future
C．they fail to treat teenagers with sufficient kindness and respect
D．they speak ill of their children within their hearing
正确答案：C
解析：第二段最后一句“我们告诉他们要尊重自己，拒绝毒品，而我们却没有做好榜样，没有友好的对待他们，没表现出应有的尊重。”由此可知答案为C。A、B、D项文中都没提及。
3． When two teenagers came into the restaurant and sat beside the author, her first thought was
A．her quiet dinner with her husband would be ruined
B．something interesting was going to happen over dinner
C．they were wrong to have chosen this restaurant for dinner
D．she and her husband were going to have a pleasant surprise
正确答案：A
解析：根据第三段第三句“there goes our quiet，peaceful dinner”可以直接选出答案为A。
4． What does the author think of the two teenage boys?
A．They are typical of teenagers who weal ill-fitting clothes and dye their hair .
B．They may become nice people if they are willing to change their lifestyle.
C．They are fine young men despite their loose jeans and multi-colored hair.
D．They will respect you if you respect them.
正确答案：C
解析：第三段最后一句讲到作者看到这些青少年除了松松垮垮的牛仔裤和染发之外的闪光点，意识到他们都是很好的人。因此答案为C。
5． What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．There is nothing wrong with teenagers admiring pop singers and sport stars.
B．Pop singers and sport stars should not be heroes of our children.
C．If our children admire pop singers and sports stars, it is the parents who are to blame.
D．Parents should set a good example for their children to follow.
正确答案：C
解析：本段大意为很多人都不尊重青少年，不满他们将歌星和体育明星作为偶像。作者认为大人们不应该抱怨孩子，而应该给他们提供更好的东西去追寻。因此答案为C。
In the United States, a person can take credit only for what he has accomplished by himself Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a rich or privilege family.(In the United States, that would be considered “ an accident of birth. “)Americans pride themselves in having been born poor and, through their own hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of success to whatever level they have achieved—all by themselves. The American social system has, of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up the social ladder, whereas this is impossible to do in many other countries. The “self-made man or woman” is still very much the ideal in present-day America. Americans believe that competition brings out the best in any individual. They claim that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. Consequently the foreign visitor will see competition being fostered(鼓励)in the American home and in the American classroom, even at the youngest age levels. You may find the value placed on competition disagreeable, especially if you come from a society that promotes cooperation rather than competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in Third World countries find the lack of competitiveness in a classroom situation equally distressing(令人苦恼的). They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human characteristics represented only a peculiarly American(or Western)value. Americans, valuing competition, have devised an economic system to go with it—free enterprise(自由企业制). Americans feel very strongly that a highly competitive economy will bring out the best in its people and ultimately, that the society which fosters competition will progress most rapidly. If you look for it, you will see evidence in all areas—in all fields as diverse as medicine, the arts education, and sports—that free enterprise is the approach most often preferred in America.
6． What does the author mean by saying “The self-made man or woman’ is still very much the ideal in present-day America” ?
A．Americans no longer respect those who are born rich as they used to.
B．Americans still respect those who have climbed up the social ladder through hard work.
C．Americans think that an ideal man or woman should be born poor.
D．Americans think that only the self-made man or woman is worthy of respect.
正确答案：B
解析：第一段中间部分讲到美国人崇尚那些出身贫寒，通过自身努力取得成功的人，由此可知答案为B。
7． What does the author think of the American social system?
A．It is a system that does not favor those who are born rich.
B．It is a system that makes social climbing very difficult, if not impossible.
C．It makes it comparatively easy for the poor to move up the social ladder.
D．It is the best system possible in the world.
正确答案：C
解析：第一段倒数第二句“美国的社会制度使美国人的升迁相对容易一些，而在其他一些国家这种升迁则是不可能发生的”。由此可知正确答案为c。
8． Americans teaching in Third World countries found that______.
A．competition is a unique American(or Western)value
B．competition must be fostered in the classroom for success in business
C．cooperation is more important than competition in bring about progress
D．competition is one of the universal human characteristics
正确答案：A
解析：第二段最后一句“他们原本认为竞争是全人类都共有的特点，而这仅仅是美国或是西方的价值观”。peculiarly特有地，独特地；和unique意思相近。因此，答案为A。
9． We can infer from the passage that free enterprise is______.
A．an economic system allowing free competition among businesses
B．a belief that competition brings out the best in any individual
C．an attitude that values competition rather than cooperation
D．a theory that advocates competition as the source of all progress
正确答案：A
解析：第三段第一句话说明free enterprise是一个economic system，而且这个经济制度是跟美国人的竞争观是一致的，故选A。
10． Americans would most likely frown at you if you______.
A．complain that you were born poor and had had no opportunities
B．tell them you were born poor and had to work with your hands
C．go around telling people that your father is a self-made man
D．tell them that their social system is not necessarily the best
正确答案：A
解析：第一段讲美国人信奉白手起家，自身努力，所以如果你抱怨自己出身贫寒而没有机会的话，美国人是不会理解的。因此A是正确选项。
I’ m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’ s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s, in fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are America’ s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes; increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things— and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we can’ t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount virtual violence your children are exposed to. It’ s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provides a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn’ t have to ruin your life.
11． The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people ‘ s state of mind are
A．surprising
B．confusing
C．illogical
D．questionable
正确答案：D
解析：文章第一句就表明了作者的态度“skeptical”，说明作者认为这些研究结果都是可疑的。故选A，questionable意为“可疑的，有疑问的”。
12． What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back”(Line 1, Para. 3)?
A．It’ s impossible to slow down the pace of change.
B．The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
C．Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
D．It’ s impossible to forget the past.
正确答案：B
解析：第二段写了美国孩子压力大的原因，包括生活的孤立状态以及世界越来越危险的现状。“we can’t turn the clock back”应该是承接上文，表示我们无法让历史倒退，无法改变现状。
13． According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago______.
A．were less isolated physically
B．were probably less self-centered
C．probably suffered less from anxiety
D．were considered less individualistic
正确答案：C
解析：根据第一段最后一句“9到17岁的正常孩子比50年前有精神疾病的孩子表现的更为焦虑”可知正确答案为C。
14． The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is______.
A．to provide them with a safer environment
B．to lower their expectations for them
C．to get them more involved socially
D．to set a good model for them to follow
正确答案：C
解析：第四段主要讲最重要的方法就是让他们参加社会活动，打破自己的孤立状态。因此答案为C。
15． What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A．Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.
B．Children’ s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.
C．Children’ s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.
D．Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.
正确答案：A
解析：文章主要讲当代美国儿童压力大及其原因，并提出一些应对策略。因此答案为A。作者没有否认儿童的焦虑程度，因此B项说儿童的焦虑程度被夸大了，是不正确的。C、D项文中没有说明，因此C、D也不对。
The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water—literally everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and traffic and its noise and smells, where everyone is on top of everyone else, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world. Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants, exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated or an alien species introduced, then the ecology of the district will be upset—in other words, the balance of nature will be disturbed. Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during his short span on earth than any other living creature. He has done this by his ignorance, his greed, his foolishness and his wastefulness. He had poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth’ s natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the most devastating ways of killing his fellow men—and every other sort of life at the same time. Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right—if it is not already too late. If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better. One of the main causes of the earth’ s troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever-increasing rate. At the same time we are using up our natural resources—fuels and mineral ores—at an ever-increasing rate with no hope of replacing them. For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the position is steadily deteriorating since the fertility of some of our richest soils has been lost and vast areas that were once fertile lands have turned into barren deserts. And the trouble with deserts is that they tend to creep outwards on to the fertile soils. What is now the northern Sahara Desert was the granary of the civilized world 500 years ago. Even at this moment many of the earth’ s natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed off, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to preserve much of the earth’ s population from starvation. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to reverse the trends that threaten our very existence. Who cares?
16． The ecology of an area is in balance if______.
A．there is no noise
B．there is no interference
C．there is no interruption
D．there are no people
正确答案：B
解析：第二段第二句提到“如果环境不被干扰破环，一个地区的生态就能保持平衡。”所以选择B项，interference与“disturbance”是近义词，都表示“干扰”。
17． During his life on earth, man has______.
A．done more than any living creature
B．caused the most damage to the ecology
C．damaged the ecology more than he has living creatures
D．done more harm than good
正确答案：B
解析：根据第三段第一句可知，人类是环境的一个组成部分，在对生态环境造成危害方面，人类要比其他生物更加严重。这也就是说，人类对生态造成的危害是最严重的。
18． The young______.
A．can handle the problem
B．have the answer to the problem
C．are responsible for the problem
D．hold the responsibility for the future
正确答案：D
解析：第五段第二句提到“如果我们还有补救的机会，那么这种补救的机会最后就掌握在年轻一代的手中。”也就是说，年轻一代肩负改善环境的重任。
19． One of the greatest problems is that there are______.
A．many people in the world expanding rapidly
B．too many people in the world, and their numbers are increasing
C．too many people increasing in the world
D．too many people in the world always expanding
正确答案：B
解析：第六段第一句提到“地球存在问题的一个最主要的原因就在于世界人口已经过量，并且还在以前所未有的增长速度不断增长。”选项B的表述最贴切。
20． The main purpose of this passage is______.
A．to inform people about the science of ecology
B．to encourage people to do something about the environment
C．to criticize Man’ s actions
D．to help us understand the world we live in
正确答案：B
解析：文章最后一段倒数第二句说到“但是如果大家都一起努力，我们就能将威胁我们生存的这个趋势改变”，可见，作者的目的还是鼓励人们为环保采取一些行动。
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